@Bash and I have been discussing air quality due to wildfires and when it might become harmful or at least not beneficial to exercise outdoors.
Bash, your interpretation of a reference you provided suggested that a PM2.5 concentration of 50 ug/m3 might be the tipping point. My comparison of online readings versus when I felt the air looked and felt questionable made me think that 150 was the number. As it turns out, the 150 number I was looking at was more of an index of air quality. When converted directly to just PM2.5 concentration, it was also about 50 ug/m3.
I now found the following additional very relevant research paper.
https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/4/4/62In summary, it says that 55 ug/m3 is the tipping point where exercising is no longer beneficial (hey, that matches what we thought) and 95 ug/m3 is the concentration when the exposure is more harmful than beneficial. These are based on a 60-minute run at moderate intensity (60% VO2 Max). The paper also provides concentration levels for different intensities.